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M. 0. WHITE. COMPRESSOR AND MOTOR STARTER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 28. I914. RENEWED JULY 16, 1919- '1,323,939. 7Patented Dec. 2,1919.

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M. C. WHITE.

COMPRESSOR AIIID MOTOR STARTER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28, I9I4. RENEWEDJULY I6. I919.

1,323,939, I Patented Dec. 2,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2- I b A H 462mm AW M. 0. WHITE.

' COMPRESSOR AND MOTOR STARTER.

APPLICATION FILED NOVPZB. I914- RENEWED JULY 16, 1919.

1 23,939. Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3- M.. 0. WHITE.

COMPRESSORAND MOTOR STARTER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28, l9l4. RENEWEDJULY l6. I9l9- 1,323,939., Patented Dec. 2,1919.

6 SHEETSSHEET 4.

M- C. WHITE.

COMPRESSOR AND MOTOR STARTER. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. 1914. RENEWEDJULY 16, 1919.

1,323,939. Patented Dec. 2,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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M. C. WHITE.

COMPRESSOR AND MOTOR STARTER; APPLICATION FILED Nov. 28. I914. RENEWEDJULY Is. I919.

Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

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WHITE, or nos anennns, cALironnIA, ASSIGNOR TO 0. WHITE COMPANY, or LosANGELES, onLrronnIr-l, a conrona'rroiv or CALIFORNIA.

COMPRESSOR AND MOTOR-STARTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2, 1919.

Application filed November 28, 1914, Serial No. 874,384. Renewed July16, 1919. Serial No. 311,383,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Mourns C. 'VVHITE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Compressors andMotor-Starters, of which the following is a specification. Thisinvention-relates to pneumatic pumps and engine starters. In accordancewith the invention a portion of the energy of the engine may be utilizedto operate the pump to compress air or other fluid; and a portion ofsuch con'ipressed fluid may be run through the'pump in its reverseoperation to start the engine. Thus the pump under the enrgy of fluidcompressed by it may be utilized as a motor or engine for the purpose ofstarting the prime mover by which the pump is operated for thecompression of such fluid. The invention provides therefore mechanismwhich is pz'irticularly adapted for use conjointly, with internalcombustion motors such as used in automobile p actice, although notlimited specifically to any such specific association. It may be withequal advantage applied similarly i to marine motors or stationaryengines, and in fact to any type of prime mover which requiresinitiation of movement of itsworking parts to set it into operation. Thefurther advantage attaches that such starting mechanism serves as a pumpfor tne compression of fluid not only to be re-used for such startingpuroses upon reversal of the starting mechanism, but which may beutilized'for divers other purposes, such as, in automobile pracrice, thepum iing oi tires and operation of pneumatic jacks, pneumatic gearshifting and the like. Many kinds of starting mechanisms have beendevised for initiating move-" ment in prime movers, utilizing electricalenergy or the energy or spring drums, or

' operated by foot or by hand. Compressed air has likewise been used forsuch starters. The present invention, however, is to'bc dis: iinguish edradically from any such similar starters, in that by the aid of theprime mover it produces its own operating energy, which may likewise beused for other or further purposes than the operation of such starter.

In car ying the invention into effect, I

provide 111 combination with the startingmechanism means whereby it maybe thrown into operative connection with the motor or prime mover foroperation as a pump to produce and store up transformed energy for itsown operation, means for disconnecting such operative connectionswhereby the pump may be thrown out of service, such means comprisingfeatures subject to voluntary control and features automaticallycontrolled, and further means whereby the same mechanism may beoperatively connected with the prime mover or motor so that uponthereversal of operation of such mechanism the prime mover or motor maybe started under the application to such mechanism of the energyproduced and stored by it when operating as a pump. 7 V

In automobile practice the combined pumping and starting mechanism isconveniently mounted in juxtaposition to the motor, and the voluntarycontrol for throwing the mechanism ,into and out of pump I ing operationand themeans for reversing the mechanism to cause it to operate as astarter, are all conveniently arranged or mounted at or near thesteering column whereby the operator may establish such workingconditions as he desires for either;

pumping purposes or starting purposes. The motor vehicle, will ofvcourse carry a container torthe'fluid compressed by the-mechanism whenoperating as a pumpQj The means 1 for causing automatic cessation of thepumping operation will be combineddirectly with such mechanism, andbe apart of such mechanism as a unit.

. I provide in practice'apparatus for the combined purposes of pumpingand starting which operates preferably upon the rotary principle, thuseliminating all reciprocating piston parts, valves for the same, and thepackingsand other adjuncts which are associated with such types of pumpsand which cause frequent repair, adjustment and replacement. I thusobtain. positive operation and long life of the apparatus and its parts,whichis of high importance in apparatus of this character andparticularly so when to be applied in service in which comparativelyunskilled operators and. drivers have to deal with such apparatusiii-the mam. Theinvention in these respects providesan "apparatus forthe purposes stated which requirespractically no attention and gerousoperation .of cranking the motor' manually is entirely eliminated.

The inventlon has for further ob]ects the provision of apparatus ormechanism-of the general nature stated which will-be superior in pointof'relative simplicity and inexpensiveness'ofconstruction or organlzaton considered in connection with positiveness of operation, durability,facility in control, and compactnessin form and ready attachability anddetachability or installation, and which will be, generally superior inefficiency and serviceability.

The invention consists in, the novel and useful provision, formation,combination,

inter-relation and association of parts, members and features, all ashereinafter described, shown in the drawings and finally pointed outinclaims.

This invention has features in common with that disclosed in LettersPatent No. l,1et8,809, issued to me August 3, 1915, and pertainingparticularly to the inter-relation of therotors of the fluid-compressionmeans together with the means for compressing fluid in the interspacesbetween the teeth of suchrotors.

In the drawing: 7 r p v V Figure lis a view partially diagrammatic andpartially in elevation of a motor vehicle to whichis applied pumping andstarting mechanism embodylng' the invention, to-

gether with theseveral features of control, compressed fluidstorage, andthe like, which enter into the general system ofpumping andmotorstarting contemplated by the invention Fig. 2 is acentra'l verticalsectional view, parts being in elevation, of motor starting and Pumpingmechanism constructed andorganized to embody the invention, the samebeing shown inidetached-position?" Y Fig. -8"-is a vertical sectionalview, partly inelevation and partly broken away for clearness ofillustration, taken upon the line F ig.2, and looking in the directionof the' appended arrows;

Fig. 1 is a vertical fragmentary sectional view, partly in elevation andpartly broken away for fullness of illustration, taken uponthe line ac-'00, Fig. 2, and looking. in the direction of the appended arrows;

Fig.5 is a rear face view of the rear motor casing-head in detached"position;

Fig-6 is-an edge view ofthe same looking in the direction of the arrowadjacent to Fig.5; 1

F 7 is a vertical detail sectional View, taken upon the line m m Fig. 5,and look 111g 1n the direction of the appended arrows;

.Fig. 8 is an outer view, partly broken away,'of the front rotor caseplate or head in detached position; N

Fig. 9 is an edge view of the same Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional Viewof the same taken upon the line m m ,Fig. 8, and looking in thedirection of the appended arrows; 7

Fig. 11 is a vjerticalsectional View taken upon the lines 00 -w Fig. 2,and looking in the direction of the appended arrows;

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the rotor casing in detached position,including the features shown in-Fig; 11, andlooking in the direction ofthe appended arrow in Fig. 11; p

F1 13 IS a transverse sectional view taken upon the line m -0o ,Fig. 11,andlooking in the directionof the appended arrows, parts 7 being omittedfor cle-arncss of illustration;

Fig. 14 is a detail transverse sectional view taken upon the hue m *00Fig. 3, and

looking in the direction of the appended arrows and V -F1g. l5 a detalltransverse sectional view taken upon-the line 00 m Fig. 4-, and

looking in the direction of the appended arrows. 1 1

Corresponding parts 111 all the figures are designated byth'e samereference characters;

Referringwith particularity to the drawings, and for the moment moreparticularly to Fig. l-thereof, A designates generally pumping and motorstarting mechanism embodying the invention, the same being shown in saidF jg. 1 as applied to-a motor vehicle B having the usual steeringcolumnb, said mechanism being combined with the internal combustionmotor C within the hood or housing. .A compressed fluid tank orcontainer D 1s earned by the motor vehicleand coimnunicates.with themechanism A by a.

pipe or conduit-1E. Fdesignates means for controlling the mechanism Awhereby lts operatlon as a pump may be voluntarily imtiated ortern'linated and whereby com-1 v pressed fiuidstored within thecontainer D may be admitted to the apparatus A-to causeit to operate asa starter for the motor (I.

The location of the mechanism A which assembled in a compact unit, withV respect to the motor C, is not essential, and various arrangements inassen'i'blage and installation may be had all with respect tochoice orconvenience. The mechanism A however provided with a, drive shaft Gwhich,ii1v

practice, is coupled, either directly'or indirectly, withthecrankshaftli of the motor, so that a permanent working relationexists between such mechanism and the motor through this shaftconnection. K designates means whereby the power shaft or drive shaft G-is operatively connected with theremaining elements of the mechanism Afor actuation of such elements by the motor C as a pump. L designatesmeans whereby the other elements or working elements of the mechanism Aare automatically connected with the power shaft Gr to cause such mechanism to rotate the crank shaft H and start the motor. 10 designatesi'neans included within the means K whereby the power shaft G isautmnatically disconnected from the,

other working elements of the mechanism A. to terminate pumpingactionthereof after a predeterminednumber of revolutions of the powershaft G has been executed. M designates generally means for compressingfluid to be stored in the container 1). Such means are mounted within ahousing N provided with a front head or plate 15 and a rear head orplate 16, such means M including preferably two members or elements onwhich are jointly rotated within such housingv N to. either compress thefluid to be stored, or responsive to the pressure of such compressedfluid, in the first instance. for pumpin and in the second instance formotor starting. The features or elements K and L are accommodated withina second housing 0 which is disposed rearwardly of the housing N, and isprovided With a back plate 17, such housing 0 and back plate thereofbeing attached to the rear head 16 of the housing N by tie-bolts or thelike 18. The

elements on of the fluid compression means M preferably comprise each acylindrical rotor provided with herringbone teeth '19 separated bycomplementary interspaces 20, such rotors being matched to .intermeshand each being provided with a shaft 21 which shafts are mounted inbearings 22 upon the front head 15 and 23 upon the rear head 16 of thehousing N. being provided with suitable anti-friction devices or ballbearings 24: or the like. The power shaft G ranges through both housingsN and O and is mounted rotatively in a bearing 25 upon the front housinghead 15, and in a journal 26 upon the rear plate 17 of the housing 0,being like wise provided with an auxiliary bearing 27 formed in a bottomextension 28 of the housing N, which has other features to behereinafter pointed out. I

The tiebolts 18 serve to also hold the rear head 16 to its housing, and*shortbolts 29 detachably secure the front head 15 to its housing. Therotors m thus abut at their plain. ends against the heads 15 and 16, andsaid rotors are confined in their Zones of rotation by a double cylinderor casing cast within the housing N. This casing 30 is so formed thatthe teeth of the rotors sweep the inner surface of the same throughout amajor portion thereof, there being a flat toned part 31 of such surfaceopposed to or cutting the plane of intermeshing of the rotors at oneside of the same, and a muti- "from the lower lobe of the casing 30,providing a passage connuunicating at its lower end with the chamber 83.This nose is inv its mutilated formation cut away so asto produceangular tliLIlSVGl'SB walls 32, shown in full lines in F Band in dottedlines in Fig. 12, the angularity of each of which corresponds to theangularity of the teeth 19 of the liei.'i-ingbone toothec rotors m,producing an orifice 82 which in plan is that -of an elongated'diamondThis orifice constitutes the discharge orifice for, the fluid compressedby the rotors m and introduced into the .final compression chamher 33,in pun'iping and constitutes the feed port to the rotors wherebycompressed fluid drawn from the container D is supplied through thechamber 33 to the rotors for operating the same. "The air or other fluidto be supphed to the rotors m for pumping is inducted through a feedpipe 36 cast into the housin N and the casing .30 within thc same. thesame opening at 37 in an orifice which is produced through the flattenedpor t-ion 31 of the casing 30. IThis pipe'36 leads downwardly to aport.in the rear housing head 16, which communicates with the interior ofthe housing 0, from which cfhiidtobe' compressed is drawn int-o the carsiiig 30 of the'rotors. its will hereinafter be pointed out, a fluid inaddition to that to be compressed likewise inducted at this point,being! a lubricant which in addition to the function lubricating theworking parts of the mechanism it performs the function of lubricatingthe rotors m and sealing the'same top'revent dissipation'of the fluid tobe compressed around the rotors and likewise serves to produce aninitial compression of the fluid to be compressed in the interspacesbetween the rotor teeth 19. The fluid to be compressed is drawn into thehousing 0 through a pipe or tube 39 provided within such housing 0,being'ezrtended from the lower portion of the same where it is providedwith an exterior ronnection nipple 10, to the upper portion of suchhousing, above the lubricant content thereof.

The liquid lubricant seal. preferably consisting of lubricant oil. isinitially drawn into the housing 0 with the early charges of or otherfluid to be compressed through the pipe 39, and preferably from a tank,not shown, having baffles or strainers or the like to produce even flow.The fluid compressed by the rotors and introduced within the chamber 33finds its way eventually to the upper end of a discharge pipe a1 mountedwithin the housing N, at

one side of the casing 30, and having its pper end 12 slightly spacedaway from an enlargement 43 upon the housing, and its low-er endprojected through the lower portion of such housing at one side, andprovided with a connection nipple hl for the pipe E which extends to thecompressed fluid container D. WVithin the chamber 33, at the same sldeas the dlscharge orifice 32",

and slightly. above the same, are a plurality of downwardly rangingbaliles a5, springing from the walls of the housing N and the easing'30, upwardly toward which the compressed fluid is discharged through aport at in the shell or wall 3%.7' Lubricant discharged through'theorifice 32 inthe main finds its way downwardly through the passage 35into the lower portion of the chaml'ier 33. Such portions of thesame aspass the port i6 will be in themain retained by the baffles eanddownwardly. directed into the well which comprises the lower portionutilized inreversing the mechanism A asa When this takes place, the

of the chamber The compressed fluid will therefore take the generaltortuous course designated by the arrows in Fig. 11, passing a finalbaffle 17 at one :side of the dischar e tube 41. and hence risirw'to theupper end of such discharge tube and issuingthrough the latter to thecontainer D through the pipe E. Within thispipe E the check valve 0isprovided, adjacent to the connection. nipple, preventing return flowto the chamber 33, excepting when the means F are brought into use forpositively unseating such check valve so as to permit compressed fluidstored in the container'D' to be motor starter. compressed air or otherfluid 1s fed to the chamber 33 through the discharge tube 41,

past the baffles 15 and 47, through the port 1 416, through the orifice32 into the rotors in the casing 30 to reversely operate the same Ioperation takes place, the means F are utilvalve 0, to throw out ofoperationithe means ized, inaddition to unseating the check K wherebythe mechanism A is positively coupled with the-crank shaftfor pumping Iaction, unless suchrelation has been already established, namely suchdisconnection of the drive shaft G from the remaining features of themechanism A, by the meansk for automaticallyproducing this result.

It will be understood fromthe foregoing remarks with respect to theinitial induction of lubricant fluid within the housing. 0 through thepipe 39, that a considerable quantity of such fluid will be confinedwith in such housing to lubricate the features therein contained, and aconsiderable quantity will likewise be drawn, over into the housing N.This is utilized on the-gem eral principle disclosedin my otherapplication for patent initially herein referred to, for the purposementioned of sealing and lubricating the rotors Wtftlld of. initiallycompressing within the interspacesbetween the teeth thereof the air orother fluid to be compressed by the rotors and within the chamber 33. Inorder to obtain this result,

the front and rear heads 15 and 16 of the housing :N are provided withsuitable pas sages or channels or ducts for conveying to the'ends of thetooth interspaces theilubricant for the purposes stated. The casing head15 to this end is provided upon its outer face with a transverse duct48,- between the lowerbearing 22 and th'e'bearing 2 5, whichcommunicates at its ends with ports L9 and 50.;produced through suchhead 15, andcom= municating with the chamber 33 "at the respective sidesof the rotor, casing 30, the former preferably being smaller than thelatter, so that a greater quantity of lubricant passin 'yinto suchduct:willcome fronithe side of'the chamber 33 to which discharge isimmediately made through discharge orifice 32. Drawing from both sidesof this chamber produces a more complete circulation and keeps theentire fluid content in motion.

A duct 51 leads from the end of the duct 48 adjacent to the port 49around the lower bearing 22 to a pointbetween such bearings 22 where itis subdivided to produce branch ducts 51 and 51 which respectively skirtthe confines of'the bearings 22, and are pro: vided at their'junetionwith a port 51 passing through the head 15 into the rear side thereof,where said ducts throughout their extent traverse the .inner surface ofsuch head. The-ducts -4l-8 t11(l 51 thus traverse the outer surface ofthe head 15- and the branch ducts 51 and 51 traverse the inner surfaceof such head, the'latter branch ducts being in the form ofarcs whichcoincide with arcs of the paths of rotation of the rotors m and of theteeth thereofpso that said jduct' branches 51 and 51 directlycommunicate with the interspaces between such teeth; The'ducts 48; 51.511 and 51 1are produced by casting enlargements upon the head 15. A.shield 51 is placed over the port 51, in the plane of the inner face of.the head 15, extending over the ducts 51* and 51 part way from theportfijl outwardly, as shown in Fig. 8 cutting off communication of theinterspz-tces between the rotor teeth With such ducts before suchinte-rspaces have come into communication with the discharge ori fice 32Similarly, upon the outer or rear face of the rear head 16 of thehousing N, I provide a duct 52 ranging from the left side of such plateabout midway of its ends transversely thereof between the bearings 23,where it branches toproduce branch ducts and 52", which skirt the sidesof the bearings At the point. of junction of the duct 52 and the branchducts 52 and 52 a port 52 is produced through the plate 16 communicatingwith the branch ducts which open through the inner face of the plate 16,

such ports 59/ being covered by a shield 5%, so that the branch ducts.arcuate in form, only open over those portions of the paths of rotationof the teeth of the rotors wherein the interspaces between the teeth maycommunicate with such branch ducts prior to coming into communicationwith the discharge orifice 32". The outer extremity of the duct 52communicates with the interior of the chamber 33 by means of arelatively small port 53; and an extension of the branch duct 52communicates with a relatively larger port 54: through the head 16, suchports 53 and 54C communicating with the same sides of the chamber 33with which the respective ports 49 and 50 in the head communicate. Thelubricant fluid within the chamber 33 being under the pressure of thecompressed fiuid traversing such chamber, such lubricant fluid passesfrom the chamber 33 through the ports 49 and V and 53 and 54. into thetwo systems of ducts 51 et cetera, and 52, et cetera. and is forced intothe interspaces, and at both ends thereof of the rotating rotorsproducing anoinitial compression in such interspaces of the air inductedthereto through the pipe 36. being fed to such interspaces after the airhas been confined within such interspaces by the teeth bounding the sameand the inner wall of the two-lobed casing 30. Just before theinterspaces come into communioaticn with the discharge orifice 32 in themutilated nose 30, between such casing lobes, communication of suchinterspaces with such lubricant-supplying ducts is interrupted 'bytheshields 51 and 52 so that the pressures in such interspaces, to whichsuch lubricant fluid is subjected, will not counter balance and theinterspaces be prevented from being properly filled with lubricantfluid.

The means K for operatively connecting and. disconnecting the driveshaft G with or from the rotors m comprises a gear 55 mounted upon therearward end of the shaft 22 of the lowermost rotor m, saidrotors beingshown as arranged in a superposed pair;

and said shaft 22 extending rearwardly beyond the bearing 23 as clearlyshown in Fig. 2; with which gear 55-meshes a pinion 56 upon the powershaft Gr. Said means K further include dogs 57 pivoted to the hub 57* ofthe pinion 56, which pinion and hub are loose upon the power shaft G,said hub extending forwardly from the pinion to carry such dogs, andsaid dogs being outwardly urged by compression springs 58 seated inrecesses in the hub, said dogs 57 being adapted to enter notches 59formed in the inner surface of a shell 60 fast upon the power shaft Gand surrounding the hub 57', and spaced therefrom'to accommodate suchhub and the dogs carried thereby. The dogs are provided with angularears 61 projecting beyond the rearward end of such shell 60., andoutwardly beyond the periphery thereof, as shown in Fig. 2-, intoposition to be engaged by beveled portions of an inner scalloped surface62 of a still outer shell 63 surrounding the shell 60 and adapted toplay lengthwise of the power shaft G so as to force inwardly the dogs 57and limi'ttheir engagement with the notches 59 to free the hub 57" fromthe shell 60 which is fast upon the power shaft G. The means K and isare utilized for the purpose of shifting theshell 63 lengthwise of theshaft G: to permit the rotative coupling of the hub 57 with the shell60, and to terminate such rotative couple. These means are organized asfollows: The outer shell 63 is likewise rotatable about the shell-60 andis provided with diametrically opposed heads (iwhich project througlrcamslots 65 in a fixed annular housing 66 projecting rearwardly from theback or rearward head 16 of the housing N, and surrounding the shell 63.'hese heads when caused to play in the annular inclined cam slots 65upon ro tation of the shell 63, cause such shell 63 to movelongitudinally of the power shaft G, whereby the fluted inner surface 62thereof may be caused to force the dogs 57' in-= wardly to free the hub57 from the shell 60 fast to the power shaft G, or-to permit suchinter-engagement of the dogs and shell 60 for the purpose ofestablishing rotative couple between the hub and such shell fixed to theshaft G, so that such shaft may be" rotated by the crank shaft H of themotor C. The means F for manual control of such last described means,including the, heads 64 fixed to the shell 63, include a cou-'nectingrod and crank 67 or the like for rocking a short shaft 68journaled at one side wall of the housing 0, which inturn oscillates afork 69 embracing one of the heads 64, whereby theshell 63 may be rotated and advanced or retracted to permit the-engagement ordiseiigagement of the dogs 57'with the shell 60 as above set forth. Themeans 76 more particularly are for automaticope'ration of the shell 63,and of the several features included in the means K above described.

These means lcinclude a plunger 70 mounted in guides 71 mounted upon thejournal 23 and fixed shell 66 respectively. This plunger '70 is squaredat its lower end to prevent rotation and is. round at its upperportion'jand at such portion is surrounded by a coil compressionspring-72 confined by the uppermost por tion 'of'the squared portion andthe upper. keeper 71, whereby it is held in engagement with the otherhead 6% by means of a forwardly. projected finger 7O always in contactwith such head. The'plunger '70 is held in normal elevated position,permitting the rotative couple of the power shaft and the pinion 56, byan angular dog 73, which takes under a nose 74 inthe square portion.

of the plunger, holding such plunger up against the compression of thespring 72. This dog may be released trom the plunger to. allow thesameto be depressed, to ro-' tate the shell 63 to engagethe same with thedogs 57 and permit the uncoupling of the pinion v56 and the power shaftG, by means of a, finger 75 carried by a smaller ratchet 7 6 turnableuponanarbor 77 in a bifurcated I bracket 78 fixed as .at 7 9 to the head16, there being a larger ratchet 80 rotatable upon the same shaft orarbor, and having a single notch .81 between two of its teeth, projecting inwardly to the same depth as the notches .of the smaller ratchet76. .VVith these ratchets cooperates a pawl 82 which is mounteduponacrank 83 connected with a.

shaft B i -to which is fiXeda large gear 85 :meshing with a small pinion86 inserted in V the rearward end of the shaft 22 of the lower rotor m.The gear ratios of the pinion 86 .and gear 85 are such, that uponthecompletion. of a predetermined number of rotations of the rotors m,the pawl 8-2 is given an endwise movement to move the larger ratchet8Qone. notch or step, and when one complete rotation of the largerratchet has been completed so that the pawl comes into theenlarged notch81 in such larger i 80, so that a complete'revolution of the ratchet, itis likewisebrought into one of th'ejnotches' of the smaller ratchet 76,giv- "ing that a one step actuation. A certain ratio exists between themovements of'teeth.

upon the smaller ratchet 7 6 and of the single enlarged notch 81 uponthe larger ratchet smaller ratchet 76 takes, place on the completion ofapredetermined number of rot-a tions of the larger ra'tchetBQ, resultingin a complete rotation of the. finger 7 5 which once during eachrotationactuates the dog 73 to withdraw it from the notch 74in theplunger and permit the-same tofalllunder. compression'of the spring'72to rotate and rearwardly move the shell .63: to free 1 the dogs 57-fro1nthe shell 60 and disconnect the pinion 56 from the power shaft-Gr. Thusthe Shaft it may be providedthat on sayone thousand revolutions of therotors m the shaft, Gwill be automatically disconnected from the pin ion56; whereby pumping-action will cease, as the pinion 56 will stand idlyupon the power shaft G, and the meshing gear 55 of a stop.

" Asabovo stated, this coupling or 11110011.. pling of the power shaft Gfrom the pinion 56 'for'starting" or stopping the pumping the lowerrotor shaft 22 will be brought to V action may likewise be voluntarilyproduced 'throughthe means l and the crank rod and crank 67 or the-like,to operate the shell (33 to act upon the dogs 57 as above set forth,movement of the shell 63 in'a rearward direction disconnecting the powershaft G fromthe'pinion 56, and movement'ofthe shell 63 in aforwarddirection operatively connecting the power-"shaft and the pinion56. When the she-ll 63 is by means vof the meansF moved forwardly toestablish rotative couple of the power shaft and the pinion 56, theplunger 70 is again raised by its head (Stand aleaf spring 87 forces thedog 73 back into the notch 74: in the plunger,

setting the means ]t' so that they may again automatically operate torelease the power posed in positions toengage with radial arms 88projecting inwardly fromthe annulus 55, segmental coil springsSSt being.stopped each atone endby one of the arms 88 and one of'the'arms88 totheend that rotation of the annulus 55 by-the pinion 5 6" will betransmitted to the shaft :22 through a yielding take up, such annulus55* rotatin'g such shaft through the hub 8'8 which is set into motionthrough the springs 88. Thus sharp and abrupt initiation of pumpingaction is; obviated,fand the rotors at all times are driven subject tothe yield of the spring cushion provided by the springs 88 g or thesprings beingcompressed to their i 1 limit an un ielding bridge isinterposed between the annulus 55 and the hub 88?. 1

3 The' means L for automatically opera} 'tively coupling therotors mw1th the drive shaft Gto turn the motor crank shaft H for the purpose ofstarting the motor, and of course in the same. directionin which suchmotor shaft turnswhen the rotors are compressing fluid as a pump,comprises, as about. to be described, means wihereby' re versed rotationof the rotors is converted into rotation of the drive shaft in the onedirection in which it at all times rotates. To this end, I provide uponthe rearward end of the shaft 22 of the lower rotor m,just forward ofthe small pinion 86, a pinion 88 into which the rearward end portion ofthe shaft 22* is formed, which meshes with an idler 89 carried upon astub shaft 90 mounted in the rear plate 17 of the housing 0, and whichin turn meshes with a large gear 91 having as a center the power shaftG. he pinion 88 of course rotates in one direction during pumping actionand in the opposite direction during motor starting action, and theidler 89 is introduced within the train of gears of the means for thepurpose of providing rotation of the gear 91 in the same direction asthat in which the power shaft G is always to he rotated. The gear 91comprises a peri Jherally toothed annulus 91 which directly meshes withthe idler S9, and has a rearward hub 92 rotative upon the power l. aftG. l Vithin such annulus 91 is provided a 'metallic liner slightlydished in form, and into which fits a similarly formed annulus Qheldfrictionally therein by compression springs 95 housed in chambers in anannulus 96 having a hub 97 which is rotatable upon the shaft G. inwardof the annulus 94is mounted a further annulus 98 having ratchet teeth 99upon its outer periphery, such annulus being keyed to the power shaft G.Further within the annulus 9% are provided a pair of segmental shoes100, embracing the power shaft G frictionally, and held lightly to suchpower shaft by compression springs 101 surrounding pins 102 which areapplied to ears 1023 upon such segmental shoes 100. The annulus 94:carries a pair of diametrically opposed dogs 104 each of which isprovided with a rounded outer end portion 10l seated to rock in asuitable recess in the annulus 94, such dogs being adapted to'takeiutoithe teeth 99 of the ratchet 98, when forced thereinto in the mannerabout to be stated. To produce this result, rotation of the annulus 91causes rotation of the annulus 9% through the liner 93, which occursupon the rotation of the rotors m in motor starting action, the annulus91 rotating idly an opposite direction when the rotors m are pumping.Rotation therefore of the annulus 91 in the direction indicated by thearrow acent' thereto in Fig. causes the dogs/10 i to be swung inwardly,fingers 104: upon such dogs and received within recesses 104 in theshoes tripping such dogs and causing such engagement thereof with theratchet teeth 99, whereupon the powershaft G is caused to rotate, afterthe ratchet annulus 98 1S keyed to such shaft.

Therefore upon rotation of the rotors m in a starting direction, theshaft G is rotated in its normal forward direction, and the motor isturned over and started in the usual manner through the crank shaft H.The annulus 97 is mounted upon the annulus 91, as by screws or the like105.

l Vhen the rotors m are operated in pump ing direction, the idler ofcourse executes rotation in a direction opposite of that indicated bythe arrow in Fig. 4c, the annulus 91 and the annulus 91 are operated ina direction the opposite of that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2%, ahdthe lingers 10% on the dogs 10% are swung by the shoes 100 so as todrive the dogs outwardly from engagement with the ratchet teeth Theshoes 100 travel with the annulus 9%, at such time, so

that the fingers 10% remain within the re-' cesses st, ready to actuatethe dogs inwardly to the ratchet teeth for motor starting action uponreversal of the rotation of the rotors m. Thus, the means L justdescribed only operate when the rotors are operating in a motor startingdirection, and of course at such times the means K for operativelyconnecting the rotors with the power shaft G for pumping action arethrown out of operation.

The pipe E preferably admits the coirpres-sed fiuid to the container D,and withdraws the same from such container, at the bottom thereof, tothe end that any lubricant which may be carried over into said containerwith the eon'ipressed fluid will first he withdrawn from such containerwhen compressed fluid is taken therefrom.

l have not described in detail the construction of the check valve butthe same may be of any preferred construction and so mounted as to beunseated by the means l when motor starting is to he performed by I 105the mechanism. The means F further include the link and crank 67 formanually throwing into or out of operation the means K for driving therotors forpumping purposes,

' The operation, method of use and advantages attaching and pertainingto the imiroved mechanism constituting the inveniou and as exemplifiedin the particular of construction and interrelation of featuresdisclosed in the drawings and above described will be readily understoodfrom the foregoing description, in whiclrthe operation of the severalelements and groups of elements and'f'eatures is detailed, takentogether 'ith the accompanying drawings and the following statement Whenit is desired to initiate pumping action through the rotors m, to storecompressed fiuid, such as air, in the container D, the means F areutilized at the steering col umn b, to rock the shell 63, whereby thedogs 57 are released for co-engagement with the shell 60, therebyrotatively coupling the pinion 56 through its hub 57, with the powershaft G, and causing the rotation of joint rotation of such rotorsthereupon commences. Thereupon fluid to be compressed such as air andlubricant fluid, are both drawn into the housing through the pipe 39, atthe connection nipple 40, from a lubri cant tank as above'describet, anda 'lubri-' cant fluid is discharged within the housing 0 over the gearsand other features of the means IQ and L within such housing, pro vidinga lubricant bath within such housing to insure free running of theworking partsthereirc Likewise, such lubricant fluid and air are drawnfrom the housing 0 through the port 38in the rear head 16 of the housingN into said latter housing, both fluids passing through the pipe 36 fromsuch port .38, upwardly to the port 37 in the easing of the rotors. Bothfluids are passed around the rotors, and discharged at the dischargeorifice 32* into the chamber and he lubricant directed downwardly insuch chamber to the lower portion of thechamber 33 withinthe housing N,where such lubricant tends to provide a charge of luloricant fluidwithin the lower portion of such chamber 33. The air compressed betweenthe rotors, by being subjected to pressure of the inter-meshing teeththereof, passes through the shield 34 at the port 46, traverses thesurfaces of the bafiies 4:5 and a7, in'a tortuous course, tending to ridsuch compressed air of any content of lubricant fluid, and then rises tothe upper end of the discharge pipe 41 through which it issues to theconnection nipplee i and is conducted by the'pipe E to the container D.After the normal charge of lubricant, which is predetermined, is drawninto the housings N' and 0, so that a proper level of the same isestablished in each housing, and no moreof such fiuidis passed throughthe port 38 into the chamber 33, and the level of such lubri cant'fluidinthe chamber 33 is so low that only air passes through the port 38and'is carried upwardly through the'pipe 36 to the port 37 air alonewillbe supplied to the rotors to. be carried by the interspaces between theteeth thereof around said rotors and to the compression zone, wherecompression and discharge willtake' place through the orifice; 32". i Inorder vto continue the supply of lubricant to the rotors during suchnormal stageof pumping operation, and in order to enhance thecompressingaction of said rotors, the several ducts 52-, 52, 52", and l8, 51 and 51and their attendant features are provided, servingvto draw lubricantfrom the well at the lower 'portion of the chamber 33, at the :front ofthe rotors by means of the smaller port 49 and larger port 50,- and atthe rearof the rotors by means of the smaller port'53 and the largerport 54, respectively, from the left and right-hand zones of suchchamber 33, so that stagnation of the lubricant fluid 1s obviated,

and a constant circulation and utilization of above described, theconnnunicatiouzof such ducts with the interspaces during communicationof the interspaces with the discharge orifice being prevented by theshields 51 and 52 over the respective ports 51 and 52. The lubricant sosupplied by said ducts effectively seals the rotors. to preventairslippage, and efiiectively lubricates the working surfaces of suchrotors, and also being supplied 'to the interspaces between the teethand at the ends thereof and subsequent to the rovision of aircharges insuch interspaces, causes a'lubricant piston compression ofthe air'insuch interspaces prior to the final compression by intermeshing of theteeth of the rotors, which" results insqueezing out the compressed airfroin-the interspaces through the discharge orifice 32, followed by anexpulsion ofsueh oil pistons which are discharged through the passage 35and fall into the lubricant well in the lower portion of the chamber-33. When it operation of the rotors for pumping action.

Or, if it be desired that a predetermined amount ofcompressed fluid beintroduced within the container D,- the automatic means lacomprisedwithin the means K may be re lied upon; the plunger 'l'Q, whichvhas beenset and lockedby itsdog 73 when the pinion 56 was rotativelyicoupled;with the drive shaft G. being freed from such dog :by the finger 75atthe end of a predetermined number of rotations of the gear 85, throughthe agency of the pawl 82 crankedi'o the shaft Satof such "gala r 85.When the plunger 70 falls, it again rocks and rearwardly moves the shell63, to free the pinion 56 from the drive shaft G, by releasing suchpinion, through release of the dogs 57, from the ro-' tating shell 60.When the means K are thrown into operation, the plunger 70 is again setand held by its dog 73, for further automatic release in themanner-jus'tldescribed, unless the pumping has previously beenterminatedma-nuallyvby the means l Vhen it is desired to utilize any of thecompressed fluid in the container'D, for instance to pump tires or forpneumatic gear shifting or other purposes other than motor starting,such fluid'may of course be withdrawn through a separate cockorconnection, as d, indicatedin Fig. 1; When it is desired to utilizeth'ecompressed 'fluid in the container D for starting the motor with whichthe mechanism Ais associated, it is only necessary to use the means Ffor u'nseating the check valve 6, whereupon compressed airis introducedwithin the chamber 83 in the housing N, through the discharge pipe 41whichnow becomes a feedcpipe, and thence to the port 16 where suchcompressed air will pass through the orifice 32 and act upon the rotorsto impel the same in the direction the opposite of that in which theymove in the pumping action, such compressed air filling the interspacesand excluding the lubricant seal supplied in the pumping action by theseveral ducts 48 and 51 and 51", and 52 and 52 and 52". This lubricantwill however be supplied to the teeth of the rotors to lubricate, thesame. The compressed air so reversely operating the rotors escapesthrough the ports 37 and passes through the pipe 36 and port 38 into thehousing 0 where it is discharged through the pipe 39 and connection 40to the outer air or to the tank or the like from which the lubricant isinitially drawn, where screens and baflies may be provided to take outof the discharged air any lubricant, content thereof. As soon as suchmotor starting or reverse operation of the rotors commences, the annulus91 of the means L is put into operation to turn the toothed annulus 98through the dogs 104 which are tripped by the shoes 100, such annulus 98rotating the power shaft G in the normal forward direc tion tocorrespondingly rotate the crank shaft H of the motor and initiate motoraction, in the usual manner. This motor starting action is terminated bycutting off the supply of compressed air from the container D throughthe pipe E into the mechanism, which is done by again seating the checkvalve 6 by the means F.

If it is desired tomanually start the motor, or crank the same, a crankmay be applied to the forward end of the power shaft G, and to pins 9thereupon, which forward end is normally covered by detachable screwcap- 9 It is manifest that many departures from the disclosures of theforegoing specification and'of the drawings may be made in adapting theinvention to varying conditions of use and service, and in accordancewith choice of construction and inter-relation of parts and features,all without departing from the spirit of the invention and a fairinterpretation thereof 7 Having thus disclosed my invention, I claim anddesire to secure by Letters Patent: 1. The combination with amotorvehicle including an engine and engine shaft, of a combinationfluid compressor and motor,

a compressed fluid container in communiautomatically producing anoperative con-, 'nection between the compressor and motor and engineshaft when the former is driven as a motor.

2. The combination with a. motor vehicle including an engine and engineshaft, of a combination fluid compressor and motor, a com-pressed fluidcontainer in comn'iunica tion with the compressor and motor, manu allycontrolled means for operatively connecting the engine shaft with thecompressor and motor to operate the latter as a compressor, means forautomatically brealc ing the said connection after a predeterminedoperation of the compressor, means for permitting a reversed flow ofcompressed fluid from the container to the compressor and motor tooperate the latter as" a motor, and independent means for automaticallyproducing an operative connection between the engine shaft and the motorcompressor when the latter is operated as a motor.

3. The combination with a motor vehicle including an engine and engineshaft, of a rotar T fluid compressor and motor, two independent sets ofgearing between the compressor and motor and engine shaft, a m anuallyoperated clutch controlling one set of gears which connects the engineshaft and compressor and motor when the latter is driven as acompressor, an automatic clutch for bringing the other set of gears intooperation when the compressor and motor is driven as a motor, and meansfor permitting a reverse flow of compressed fluid from the container tothe compressor and motor to operate the latter as a nrotor.

1. The comblnatlon wlth a motor vehicle including an engine and engineshaft, of a which is used when the compressor and motor is driven as acompressor, means for automatlcally releasing the clutch after a CLOpredetermined operation of the compressor, an automatic clutchcontrolling the other set of gears, sald other set of gears reversingthe relation of rotation between.

the engineshaft and rotary compressor and motor and being used when thelatter 1s operated as a motorpand means for per- ,mittinga reverse flowof compressed fiuid a rotary fluid compressor and motor, aoom- V pressedfluid container in commimi cation with the compressor and motor, twoinde pendent sets of gears between the engine shaft and compressor andmotor, a manually closed clutch for one set of gears which is,

used when the compressor and motor is driven as a compressor, means forautomatically releasing the clutch after a predetermined number ofrotations of the rotary compressor independent of the fluid pressure,means for permitting a reverse flow ofcompressed fluid from thecontainer to the compressor and motor to operate the latter as a motor,and an automatic clutch automatically bringing the other set of gears,into operation when the 'co; pressor and motor is operated as a motor. fH

In testimony whereof Ihave'signed' my" name to this specification in thepresence of 7 two subscribing Witnesses.

MoRRIsTo. HITE,

Witnesses .7

' RAYMOND IVES BLAKE LEM FRANCIS L."Isenreo.

